Goal
In reaction to meet the necessity for a quick measure of strength, a shine brand of new RS-14, that would become psychometrically verified and you can around the diverse populations, it absolutely was important to take a look at brand new measure’s central inclinations, inner texture and you can grounds construction along side about three picked subgroups and the newest intercourse and you can age of adolescents, teenagers, and those that have special need. “We hypothesized one to for all around three trials, a single-basis model is supported and therefore scores could be very credible since the assessed because of the old-fashioned interpretive standards” (Aiena et al., 2015).
People and Techniques
Analyses were according to three chief products, you to composed of teens within the age of thirteen–17, another with it young adults inside the years 19–twenty seven, and third provided people in the age of 13-18 having adaptive psychosocial problems who had been when you look at 
the custody regarding educational, therapeutic or correctional establishments. The total shot included 2,715 young people from around three more teams in this Poland, old off 13 so you can twenty-seven (M = , SD = 3.90), mainly females (%).
Sample 1-adolescents (N = 400). The sample was with age ranging from 13 to 17 years old (M = , SD = 0.86) predominately female (58.3%). Sample 2-early adulthood (N = 1659). Data were also gathered at a medium-sized university located in northeast Poland. Overall, we had results from students aged 19–27 years old (M = , SD = 1.82) predominately female (82.3%). Sample 3-problem group (N = 656). The sample consisted of three groups: socially maladjusted juveniles from probation centers was (N = 116) with age ranging from 13 to 17 years old (M = , SD = 1.48) predominately male (75.0%), adolescents with psycho-social impairments attending (staying) in Youth Sociotherapy Centers (N = 293, aged 13–18 years old, M = , SD = 1.22) and adolescents externalizing educational difficulties (Youth Educational Centers, N = 247, with age ranging from 13 to 18 years old (M = , SD = 0.98). The selection of the third study sample was purposive due to the specifics of the facilities to which the studied individuals were admitted. The main criterion for including respondents to sample 3 was the occurrence of emotional and behavioral disorders. A comparative analysis using ANOVA did not confirm differences between problem groups (youth from probation centers, educational centers and sociotherapy centers) in terms of the RS-14 index [F(dos, 653) = 2.63; p > 0.05].
Sociotherapeutic and you can educational stores is institution outside the host to home, and this function around the clock. In the Poland you will find already more step three,one hundred thousand childhood aged 13–18 that happen to be staying in instance Youthfulness Sociotherapy Facilities as well as over 4,100000 who happen to be staying in Youth Informative Centers. Youthfulness Sociotherapy Centers are capable of kids exactly who, due to developmental disorders, training issues, and you will disorders within the societal doing work, reaches danger of societal maladjustment and need a different business out of understanding, methods of functions, knowledge and you may sociotherapy. Already, you will find 74 from inside the Poland. Youthfulness Informative Centers are capable of socially maladjusted teens who need employing an alternative organization from learning, methods of functions and you may degree. Already, there are 96 in the Poland. An excellent Probation Center is actually a day-care studio that give prevention, care and attention, education, treatment, and you will healing issues. The actions done in the middle is geared towards switching teenager attitudes towards the new socially desirable, guaranteeing the optimal development of their character. Probation facilities work beneath the region courts. Currently, you can find 97 into the Poland. At the present time, ~step 1,000 juveniles was in fact known instance organization.
Data-Analytical Means
Psychometric properties of the RS-fourteen have been reviewed having fun with univariate and you will bivariate analyses used for the analytical app IBM SPSS Statistics and you can IBM AMOS. The new Cronbach Alpha coefficient was utilized so you can define coherence (measurement out-of reliability). In the example of big date stability evaluation, Pearson’s roentgen relationship data in addition to t take to having situated products were used. Dominant component studies was used to ensure this new solitary basis structure out of RS-14 claimed by the Wagnild and you can Young (1993). Exploratory and you can confirmatory foundation-analytic tips were utilized to gauge the grounds construction of your level. The latest foundation precision is actually analyzed having fun with EFA (fundamental parts means, oblimin rotation) and you may CFA (IBM AMOS, ML means). New activities in the EFA was indeed tested getting an acceptable match with the pursuing the complement spiders: chi-square and you may quantities of freedom, RMSEA together with 90% confidence period (CI); (Steiger, 1990) SRMR, the fresh new Tucker–Lewis Index (TLI); (Tucker and Lewis, 1973), CFI; and you can GFI (Hu and you will Bentler, 1999).